An article with the title The impact of the EU Emissions Trading System on competitiveness and carbon leakage: the econometric evidence (Stefano F. Verde) has been published in the Journal of Economic Surveys.
Based on chapter 2 of the LIFE SIDE assessment report, this paper carefully surveys the econometric literature that tests for competitiveness effects and related carbon leakage caused by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The results of this literature tell us that to date there is no evidence of the EU ETS having had widespread negative or positive effects on the competitiveness of regulated firms, nor is there evidence of significant carbon leakage.